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Noninvasive Cardiac Output Determination: Broadening the Applicability of Hemodynamic Monitoring

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: friederike.compton{at}charite.de.

	Abstract

Although cardiac output (CO) monitoring is usually only used in intensive care units (ICUs) and operating rooms, there is increasing evidence that CO should be determined and optimized as early as possible, even before admission to the ICU, in the care of hemodynamically compromised patients. A variety of different minimally or noninvasive CO determination techniques have been developed, but not all of them are suitable for early hemodynamic monitoring outside the ICU. In this review, the different available methods for CO monitoring are presented and their potential for early hemodynamic assessment is discussed.

First published on January 14, 2009, doi:10.1177/1089253208330711

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2009;13:44.

A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2009


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