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Reducing Cerebral Emboli During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael A. Borger, MD, PhD

Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Room EN 13-217, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada michael.borger{at}uhn.on.ca

Neurologic injury is a common complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. The incidence varies widely according to the definition used, patient age, and complexity of surgery. The manifestations of neurologic injury are broad, ranging from subtle neurocognitive dysfunction to frank stroke. An increasing amount of evidence points to cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as the principal etiologic factor of these neurologic complications. Cerebral emboli may be composed of atherosclerotic debris, calcium, air, fat, platelet thrombi, or CPB tubing. Advancements in perfusion technology, CPB techniques and surgical strategies may lead to a reduction in neurologic injury during cardiac surgery. In the current paper, we discuss the pathophysiology of neurologic injury after cardiac surgery and methods of reducing cerebral embolization. Reducing emboli and neurologic injury during CPB requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes several simple diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Reducing cerebral emboli should be a major goal for future research in the fields of cardiac anesthesia, surgery and perfusion.

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Vol. 9, No. 2, 153-158 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/108925320500900209


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