Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

 

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Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Vol. 3, No. 2, 57-64 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/108925329900300202

Rationale and Surgical Techniques for Emerging Procedures in Cardiac Surgery

Raymond L. Singer

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA

New techniques continue to emerge in cardiac surgery. This article reviews the history, rationale, techniques, and controversies regarding a variety of novel ap proaches to minimally invasive chest surgery. The suc cess of video-assisted thoracoscopy heralded the mod ern era of these techniques and also serves to illustrate its limitations. Minimally invasive cardiac procedures are outlined with a discussion of the benefits and risks, as well as the media and marketing pressures on surgeons. In addition, robot-assisted surgery and future trends are presented.


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