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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for the Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Failure

Division of Neonatal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, carey.william{at}mayo.edu

Christopher E. Colby, MD

Division of Neonatal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

This review discusses the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the treatment of respiratory failure in neonates. After briefly reviewing the early history of neonatal ECMO, the authors describe the respiratory diagnoses most often treated with ECMO and the manner in which affected neonates are deemed to have "failed" conventional therapies and thus require ECMO. After reviewing the most common indications for ECMO, factors that influence the timing of conversion to extracorporeal life support, as well as criteria that may exclude patients from receiving ECMO therapy, are described. At the conclusion of this article, the authors discuss the long-term outcomes of neonates whose respiratory disease was treated with ECMO and the costs associated with that care.

Key Words: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) • neonate • respiratory failure • indications • outcomes

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Vol. 13, No. 3, 192-197 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1089253209347948


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