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DOI: 10.1177/108925320601000111 Advanced Systolic and Diastolic Function: Beyond the E-and A-waveDepartment of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands o.kamp{at}vumc.nl The rationale and clinical use of Doppler echocardiography for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is described with focus on recent developments. Noninvasive measurement of elevated left atrial pressure can be performed with transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in daily practice and thus, can be used for clinical management in patients with heart failure.
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